Analysis Of Toni Morrison s Song Of Solomon - 1412 Words

In Toni Morrison’s award-winning novel â€Å"Song of Solomon,† she fills the novel with deep symbolism. Macon Dead III, nicknamed â€Å"Milkman,† is a symbolic character throughout the novel. Not only is he as a character symbolic, but his name is as well. Milkman’s aunt, Pilate, has a significant and symbolic role in the novel. To her father, she represents the child who killed her own mother and took away his wife. In the Bible, Pontius Pilate is the Roman who is responsible for the execution of Jesus. With that information, one can say that the name Pilate seems to coincide with her father, Macon Dead’s, opinion on what Pilate represents. What’s ironic is that Pilate is a good person and is murdered in the end, just as Jesus was by Pontius Pilate. Guitar, Milkman’s best friend, is another significa nt character in the novel who portrays deep symbolism. Guitar is named after something that he wanted very badly as a child. â€Å"I saw it when my mother took me downtown with her. I was just a baby. It was one of those things where you guess how many beans in the glass jar and you win a guitar. I cried for it, they said. And always asked about it.† This unreachable goal describes his character throughout the novel. He is never able to overcome the obstacles that standShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Toni Morrison s Song Of Solomon977 Words   |  4 PagesThe Asymmetrical Dead When Milkman, the central figure of Toni Morrison’s novel Song of Solomon, fantasizes about finding his fortune, he thinks only of spending money, gambling, and endless women to lie with and leave. Even with the prospects of freedom, power and fame, for what else can vast wealth truly purchase, he is unable to conceive of a future for himself. He imagines only an endlessly comfortable, banal present. It’s hard to fault him for this shortcoming. No one in Milkman’s world hasRead MoreAnalysis Of Toni Morrison s Song Of Solomon1374 Words   |  6 Pagesalso play a major role in a person’s character development. Influences also can affect temperament, personality, disposition, motivation, and initial perspectives and reactions. This sagaciousness was thoroughly expressed in the novel Song of Solomon by Toni Morrison. This novel delved extensively into the coming of age of main character Macon â€Å"Milkman† Dead. The nickname milkman was derived from an uncomfortable and rather odd situation. As being breastfed by his mother Ruth, way past the age ofRead MoreAnalysis Of Toni Morrison s Song Of Solomon 1213 Words   |  5 PagesVictoria Sirianni Ms. Thompson AP ELA 4 21 July 2015 Song of Solomon Producing the plot with a vivid image and motive allowed Toni Morrison to incorporate numerous literary works to enhance the allusions in the story. These specific allusions gave readers a more accurate understanding of certain aspects of the book. As well as this, readers are capable of searching beyond just the surface of what the words say. The common useRead MoreAnalysis Of Toni Morrison s Song Of Solomon1271 Words   |  6 Pages Emely Gonzalez Song of Solomon by Toni Morrison AP Literature - Period 3 Topic #3 Gonzalez- Page 1 3. Excluding Milkman, discuss the various attitudes on race from the perspectives of three other male characters in the novel. Americans have become accustomed to the repercussions of racism. It has diffused into areas that seemed unreachable; it has become institutionalized. Our predecessors lived the severity, and while we are residing in the realm of institutionalized racism, ourRead MoreEssay on Themes in Song Of Solomon2113 Words   |  9 PagesToni Morrison is one of the most talented and successful African-American authors of our time. Famous for works such as The Bluest Eye, Sula, and Beloved, Morrison has cultivated large audiences of all ethnicities and social classes with her creative style of writing. It is not Morrison’s talent of creating new stories that attracts her fans. In contrast, it is her talent of revising and modernizing traditional Biblical and mythological stories that have been present in literature for centuries.Read MoreBiblical Names In Toni Morrisons Song Of Solomon1574 Words   |  7 Pagesnames in the world, and they are all biblical names. Names from the Bible are also found in many works of literature, like Toni Morrison’s Song of Solomon, a coming of age story about a young man during the mid twentieth century. The reader is introduced to multiple characters with biblical names, which correspond to the characters’ personalities. In the book Song of Solomon, the characters take on the role of their biblical names. Reba, Milkman’s mother, can most closely be associated with RebeccaRead MoreAnalysis Of The Bluest Eye1555 Words   |  7 Pagesbe a victim of sexual assault but also, the punishment of the offender. Toni Morrison, The author of The Bluest Eye, a victim of segregation, deals with sexual assault and segregation in her book. Chole Anthony Wofford, who goes by the name of Toni Morrison when writing her books, was born in Lorain, Ohio on February 18, 1931. Her father had several jobs to support their family, while her mother worked as a domestic worker. Toni lived in an integrated neighborhood. However, she did not become awareRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Recitatif1135 Words   |  5 PagesLiterary Analysis Paper: â€Å"Recitatif† by Toni Morrison Many authors write fictional novels about historical events. A common topic written about is the racial integration between African Americans and whites during the 1950’s. Although the short story â€Å"Recitatif† explicate many different themes, the central topic of Morrison’s writing is about racism. Throughout the story, the author expresses examples of hatred between black and white races at the shelter, the different encounters they have, andRead More A Comparison of Christian Symbols in Song of Solomon, Sula, and Beloved2397 Words   |  10 PagesAlthough religion does not exist as a central theme in Toni Morrison’s work, it does set premise for a richly intertwined web of symbolism. Morrison’s novels focus on the lives of characters acting in the present day or recent past. For African Americans, events of the past are a crucial facet of culture as they seek to remember their history, the most influential of these events reaching far back in to the years of slavery. Historians argue that for incoming slaves, Christianity offered a religiousRead MoreBlack Naturalism and Toni Morrison: the Journey Away from Self-Love in the Bluest Eye8144 Words   |  33 Pagespostmodernism with its emphasis on race, class and gender, but the theory of naturalism as well: the idea that one s social and physical environments can drastically affect one s nature and potential for surviving and succeeding in this world. In this article, I will explore Toni Morrison s The Bluest Eye from a naturalistic perspective; however, while doing so I will propose that because Morrison s novels are distinctly black and examine distinctly black issues, we must expand or deconstruct the traditional

The Forms of True Bravery - 800 Words

The Forms of True Bravery Nelson Mandela once said â€Å"I learned that courage was not the absence of fear, but the triumph over it. The brave man is not he who does not feel afraid, but he who conquers that fear.† And fear is just a state of mind, a strong and thick barrier that prevents us from success and achieving our dreams or what we believe is right to us, but it is weak and thin when standing against courage, and once it is defeated, those barriers dissipate. But the main question is how can we conquer fear and in what form? In Harper Lee’s novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, it illustrates the forms of courage that exist in the main characters through the conflicts and barriers they constantly come across, and how they try to approach them†¦show more content†¦Atticus also used his intellectual courage to escape any harm from the mobs when they met him at the jail. â€Å"So it took an eight-year-old to bring ‘em back to their senses, didn’t it?† (p. 210) As Attic us says this to Scout the day after the mobs came across, it shows how when Scout came up to Mr. Cunningham and asked him to say hi to his son, Walter, showing her full innocence, and not knowing the mobs’ bad deeds and their eagerness to harm Atticus. Atticus knew at that moment that the mobs are still humans, and Scout’s innocence would appeal to their emotions, so he stood straight and brave, and waited for the mobs to react upon what Scout has said, and their reaction was what Atticus expected due to his intelligence, which was that the mobs have left without harming anyone. This proves Atticus’ intellectual courage. Atticus showed different forms of bravery, including moral and intellectual courage, through appealing to the high sense of morality and emotions of others. Scout’s eldest brother Jem, a really brave and challenging teenager who likes to use his physical bravery to conquer his fears. â€Å"Jem brightened. ‘Touch the house, that all?’† (p. 18) Dill bet Jem, The Gray Ghost book against two Swifts that Jem would not be able make it past the Radleys gate. But, Jem is not known to ever decline a dare, so he ran up, touched the house, and tore past Dill and Scout. This proves Jem’s physical bravery as he risked his life to get a glimpse of how Boo Radley lookedShow MoreRelatedEssay about Unarmed Bravery in To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee729 Words   |  3 Pagesreceive Bravery Awards every year around the world, and none of them hold any weapons or punch someone in the face to prove that they are brave, unlike what the majority of people picture it. In the novel To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee, Atticus believed that true bravery and courage is facing the negativities of life and society persistently, and by sticking to your belief no matter what the cost is. Jem and Mrs. Dubose are two characters that strongly apply to Atticus’s meaning of bravery and courageRead MoreThe, The Mad Dog, By Harper Lee994 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent variations of the meaning of courage. In Harper Lee’s novel, â€Å"To Kill A Mockingbird,† true courage is defined in a person who fights for his or her beliefs even with the chance of losing the fight. The scene of Tim Johnson, the â€Å"mad dog† (Lee 93),is portrayed in the movie and is a foundation for the many lessons in life that Jem and Scout will soon learn in the future., such as what true bravery is. During the display of courage, the children experiences scene of prejudice as well. WithRead MoreMahatma Gandhi : The Most Complex Kind Of Bravery1716 Words   |  7 Pages Throughout his life, people revered the Hindu leader for his peaceful, strong protests, as well as, his courage. Proceeding humbly in his life efforts, Gandhi the most complex kind of bravery as he led others to stand against unfair colonial practices in India. However, stretching even further than his bravery in the moment, Gandhi’s courage incited action all around the world, and encouraged people to see the power in non-violence(â€Å"Mohandas Gandhi†). In Harper Lee’s novel To Kill a MockingbirdRead MoreAnalysis Of Sir Gawain And The Green Knight1054 Words   |  5 PagesStanding in confidence, with a determined look upon his face before confronting his next challenge. Bravery is found in many interesting stories throughout the medieval ages. It is defined by Oxford Dictionaries as â€Å"courageous behavior or character† (Oxford Dictionaries). The use of bravery in medieval times can be determined as a sort of motivation for the people during Protestant movement in Britain. Bravery was also used as an example to people of a moral standard. Below, quotes by C.S. Lewis and fromRead MoreIs Be owulf A Hero Essay951 Words   |  4 PagesBeowulf and he takes upon himself the duty to rid Denmark of the evil sources threatening it. His bravery is outstanding as he marches into a battle knowing he may die but, leaving the outcome up to fate. He never shies away from the monster he has committed to destroying and because of his persistence, he wins the battles; therefore, the bad in Denmark is exterminated because of Beowulf and his bravery. Though he has a worthy cause, as every hero does, Beowulf tends to take great pleasure in hisRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1389 Words   |  6 Pagesor her conscience. This quote means that standing up for what is right is the most profound form of bravery. Obeying one’s conscience is most difficult and requires the most bravery when others are against you, disagree, and mock or even threaten violence because of the exercise of one’s conscience. This quote is proven true in the story To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee. It is revealed to be true through the actions of Mrs. Dubose, Atticus Finch, Tom Robinson, and Boo Radley. Harper Lee takesRead MoreEssay about Gallipoli - The Anzac Legend726 Words   |  3 PagesGallipoli - The Anzac Legend The Anzac Legend is the source of the Aussie Fight and bravery that will live on for future generations to understand and to acknowledge their courage and bravery. Some would say The Anzac Legend all began when Britain declared they were in need of help and it was Australia’s duty to go to their aid. Australia tossed aside experience and opted for youth. There were big incentives to go. To travel and visit foreign places, economic reasons, to be withRead MoreHeroism Essay795 Words   |  4 Pagesmakes up a hero.   Ã‚  Ã‚   I most commonly associate heroism with placing others first and performing the act of   selflessness.   A simple act of bravery could potentially save many lives.   Seeing people’s lives change for the greater describes heroism.   The vision may necessitate the sight of a doctor saving an individual’s life who are critically injured.   Ã‚  Bravery sticks out like a sore thumb in the example.   The act of enduring all the punishment or mistreatment for an individual means you have the attributesRead More Character Traits of Chris McCandless of Into The Wild Essay1007 Words   |  5 Pages Christopher Johnson McCandless is a respectable man in so many ways but, yet such a foolish man in many others. Chris McCandless possessed a seemingly ever-lasting bravery that constantly shined through his unique and matchless character. He was very righteous in himself to the point in which he kept himself from any sin or evil, committing his l ife to what seemed like an idea of celibacy, not just in refraining from any desire of flesh but also in all lusts of life with his diligentRead MoreEssay on Comparison of Modern Day Heroes and Beowulf744 Words   |  3 Pagescharacter of the epic, shows certain characteristics such as bravery, loyalty, and generosity, which portray him as a hero. It is interesting how modern day heroes show the much of the same qualities as Beowulf.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bravery is a trait that every young boy wishes to have. It is a desire that is embedded into each human being. It is only whether or not he or she acts on this desire to be brave that matter s. Aristotle writes, â€Å"{Bravery} courage is the first of human qualities because it is the quality

Environmental Factors Free Essays

Environmental Factors Heidi Wallen HSM/220 March 21, 2013 Environmental Factors The four external environmental factors are: economic factors, sociological factors, technological factors, and political and professional factors. The six internal factors are: organizational purpose, mission, and philosophy, Organizational planning, Organizational operations, Human resources, Technological resources, financial resources. Economic factors including knowing what financial resources the company has and where funding is coming from weather it is government funds, donated funds, fees for service, or other agency income. We will write a custom essay sample on Environmental Factors or any similar topic only for you Order Now Sociological factors include understanding community demographic both in terms of client and community. Understand the makeup in terms of income, education, gender, age, and other demographic factors. Technological factors for human service agencies can understand how to use the equipment such as computer hardware and software as well as new treatment approaches. Political/professional factors include knowing laws and regulations from federal, state and local levels as well as a political climate, or the attitudes of community and local leaders and the general public towards the services provided. Professional factors in human services include being aware of licensing and certification standards; and staying in good working relations with these agencies. When looking at all four of the factors it is heard to say what would be the most important. They all have good value, but if I had to I would say that Sociological factors seem to be very important. One needs to know the people that you are going to help each and every day. To make sure that you are able to give them the help that they may need. Organizational Purpose is to have the understanding of a mission statement and a vision that is intended to provide the logic and the organizing theme . human service agency believes in what it hopes to achieve and what services they will provide to achieve its mission and the vision, goals that were set. Organizational planning is having a strategy and plan to identify were the organization ideally would like to be in a time frame such as five or more years. This takes some brainstorming and looking at available data so they are able to project future needs. Organizational Operations requires regular review and examination of the programs and services offered to make sure that performance is measuring up to expectations. Human Resources refer to the many functions that are involved in the supervision and management of the organization’s employees and volunteers. Staff requires a working knowledge of human resources law. Technological Resources can include support and consulting services, computer resources, financial management expertise, marketing and public relations expertise, and other technologies that may be used to support the work of the organization. Financial Resources requires a careful examination of budget documents to determine where the funding is coming from and what obligations the agency assumes in accepting funding from each of the various sources. How to cite Environmental Factors, Essay examples

Baby Safe Haven Essay Example For Students

Baby Safe Haven Essay A local woman calls law enforcement after hearing a knock at 4:26a. m. Opening it she found a newborn infant laying on her door step. According to the reports from authorities, the infant was lying on a white towel wearing nothing and only appeared to be only two hours old. The infant was rushed by ambulance to the hospital where she was treated for hypothermia. Unfortunately child abandonment cases like the one fore mentioned is not uncommon and pose a huge form of child neglect that can lead to death. Before 1999 cases like this was common in many states such as Texas. Statistics show that one out of 3 did not stand a chance at life. Thus the Safe Haven (â€Å"Baby Moses†) law was implemented to aid in minimizing acts of child abandonment and infant deaths; by giving parents a place to safely relinquish custody in the allotted timeframe provided by their state without criminal charges. The Safe Haven benefits the rights of children and it keeps them from being harmed. The one thing that the policy does not include is absolute immunity. In certain states if a baby is unharmed the parent(s) are safe. In other states if the baby is safe the parent(s) receive affirmative defense against the law. In any state if the baby is harmed the parent(s) will receive prosecution in that case the baby would most likely not be turned over to authorities The â€Å"Baby Moses law† was first developed and implemented in Texas in 1999. There were many events and statistics gathered prior to the passing of the law. Before the Law approximately 33 infants was abandoned on a yearly bases. Unfortunately the federal government does not keep a number of abandoned babies in public each year. The Department of Health and Human Services conducted a search and found that there were reports of over 105 infants abandoned and 33 of those that were abandoned were found dead. Numbers were not gathered between the years of 1991and 1998 and it was excess of 31,000 â€Å"boarder babies†, which are babies left in the hospitals or deemed ineligible. Many parents resulted to such measures when they felt they could not care for their child and felt they had no options. At the time leaving a child with someone was a felony offence and was considered child abandonment. As you may see these statistics was an eye opener to the state of Texas which gave them much need for passing the law. The rest of the US started to pay attention and it was later adapted in every state. This law protects those parents who feel like that they are incapable of taking care of their child to safely relinquish custody without fault or criminal action taken toward them. For every state there is a different rendition of the safe haven law. The amount of time to report to a safe haven location varies from state to state. For example: Florida allows 7 days from birth for a parent to relinquish custody of a child. Other states allow as much as 90 days or as few as three days from birth. Missouri is the only states that allows up to one year from birth. An age restraint was issued late in Nebraska being the last state in the US to implement the law. After having issues with the word â€Å"child† early on when first implementing the law 21 children over the targeted age of infancy were dropped off to safe haven locations. There were reported cases of parents dropping off teenagers as old as 16 to hospitals because of the vague wording. One case involving a 16 year old girl being dropped off to a hospital in Nebraska and the child wasn’t even aware of the circumstances and resulted in her becoming a ward of the state. Because of the massive misunderstanding the legislation had to amend the law so that it only applies to infants up to three days old. Initially, this is a good start but I believe that the time limit in all states should to the very least be one year so that it can allot for time mothers go through post partum depression. The safe haven alliance has found that some of the cases of child abandonment and death are tied to severe emotional distress. But why do mothers, or parents in general, abandon their children? Well the answer varies: economic reasons, lack of resources tied with an unwanted pregnancy, marital instability or conflict, combined with economic problems. Marriage does not provide a guarantee against child abandonment, but family breakdown appears to have adverse effects on mothers and serves as a force for child abandonment. This may mean that the child was abandoned because of fear of the stigma attached to the state of unmarried motherhood in the community. It seems that if resources were available, most of the parents would not be forced to abandon their children; the action is not performed deliberately, but due to compelling circumstances. Theoretically, you can assume that a child may be abandoned because it is a rejected child. In this sense, we have to recognize the specific situations of a child for its own abandonment. The child could be ill, disabled, or require special needs. Under such circumstances, even if the pregnancy was desired, the infant may be rejected if the child is handicapped, or does not meet the expectations f the parent(s). This is particularly expected where the attitude on the part of the family and the wider community towards handicapped children as a whole is predominately negative, and the phenomenon is regarded as God’s punishment for the parents’ sins. In this regard, this reason does not give any room for the assertion that children are abandoned because they are rejected for being handic apped. Moreover, this assertion is not supported by the information obtained from the interviews with the police-men and women and other key resource persons in such cases. Beyonce Feminism EssayThat is, they typically provide anonymity and immunity from prosecution for people who leave infants at safe havens, assuming that the fear of being identified or prosecuted is a major motivation for women to leave their infants in dangerous circumstances. There is no evidence to support that supposition. Moreover, research shows that anonymity ultimately undermines the legal interests of the children and their birth parents, while creating a host of unintended, negative consequences such as those noted above. The Adoption Institutes study indicates that any policy aimed at solving this problem should therefore incorporate the following elements, which address the current laws deficiencies and offer children a more secure future: researching the causes of abandonment to better tailor an effective policy response; †¢educating students, teachers, parents, counselors and clergy about how to identify concealed pregnancies, and enabling affected teenagers and women to get help; †¢providing confidential counseling to at-risk pregnant teens and women about prenatal care and safe alternatives for their babies, such as care by other biological family members or adoption, when they cannot or do not want to parent; and †¢making educational materials and support services available that would help mothers, fathers, and other biological relatives raise infants when they wish to do so. Additionally, infant abandonment laws are not informed by (and often contradict) the accepted best practices of existing child-welfare practices and adoption laws. The bottom line is that anonymous legal abandonment is contrary to our cultural ethics and well-conceived public policies that promote the safety and welfare of newborns and their mothers. You dont need a law to tell a woman its not a safe idea to leave a baby in a trash can. Its the ease with which babies can be legally abandoned that concerns me. Women who may be thinking twice about having a baby, or who may be suffering the initial stress after delivery, might use these laws as an excuse to simply dump on someone else rather than seek counseling or place them with a relative. Those who are in enough of a crisis to abandon a baby will probably still do so anyway whether there is a safe haven law or not, and theyre not getting the help, the real help that they need. After carefully analyzing and researching the Safe Haven law I have drawn to the conclusion that with it or without it babies lives are at risk. The very reason for the law can either make or break humanity as a whole. There are so many pros and cons to the safe haven law thus the reason for my mixed feelings toward it. On one hand safe haven provides a little hope. it is a God send to have a place for mothers. For mothers who love their child to a point where they say â€Å"I love you too much to have you suffer or see you go hungry. The parent or parents that know in their heart that the child would have a better life and rather not go through the legalities and emotional battle that adoption can bring. Even the very mothers who suffer with emotional distress and before the point of killing t heir child place him in the arms of a firefighter. This law protects people like them who are simply trying to do the right thing. It can save the lives of innocent infants who did not ask to be here. It creates options, while giving the parent(s) a humane way of relinquishing custody of a child. It helps those that want their child in a better environment that they may not be able to provide. Safe Haven is a safe place to limit the death rate of abandoned newborn infants. On the other hand the safe haven law provides a way of escape for those that have no true intention to care for the child. Part of a parents responsibility is to meet the basic needs of a child, including food, shelter, cloth them, and access to medical care. These laws also hurt more than they help by actually encouraging women to abandon their babies. You just may as well call safe havens just as others may have called it a â€Å"baby dump†. At one point in time it was illegal for parent who abandons a child can be charged with child neglect, abandonment, or child abuse. Now under the safe haven or â€Å"baby Moses† law, criminal accountability is no longer an issue and claims to be an alternative to child abandonment if the child is brought to a location within a set time frame. The law also poses negative outcomes towards the child also. The child will still be abandoned and unjustly deprived of knowing their blood parents or relatives. Who’s to say that these children will grow up better off in the system as oppose to a loving family whether it be relatives or by adoption. So what can be done to the current safe haven legislation to address the source(s) of the issue? Well for one, implement a policy which requires those relinquishing custody to forgo counseling geared toward their specific cause for making their decision. Another step would be to extend the time frame parents have to arrive to a safe haven location in order to save the lives older than newborns. This issue will continue to be an uphill battle. We can only be grateful for the lives that it does saves until a revision takes place or child abandonment ends altogether. http://www. foxnews. com/story/0,2933,446384,00. html www. nationalsafehavenalliance. org/ http://articles. chicagotribune. com/2010-01-18/news/1001170418_1_safe-haven-law-babies-abandoned http://www. hhs. state. ne. us/children_family_services/SafeHaven/GovernorColumn. pdf http://www. usatoday. com/news/health/2008-09-25-Left-kids_N. h

Leadership and Governance Goals of the Organization

Question: Describe about the Leadership and Governance for Goals of the Organization. Answer: Leadership can be defined as the ability to lead a group of people in achieving specific objectives or mission. It involves determining a clear vision for the group, sharing such vision with others to allow them to follow willingly. It also involves providing vital information to your team with the aim of making them know more about what the organization wants to achieve and why. A leader would have the responsibility of coordinating and also balancing various conflicts of interests that might arise in an organization among stakeholders. A leader should have the ability to be courageous enough to step in at the time of crisis and help the team to get out of the difficult situation creatively. Leadership can also be said to be the act or ability to inspire subordinate staffs to perform or engage in achieving the goals of the organization with ease. Leadership involves developing and implementing the strategic plan as well as policies and accountability (Elloker, Olckers, Gilson and Lehmann 2012, p.161). Good leadership also involves the ability to face numerous challenges and get the organization out of worst situations. It should be practical for all level of organization management. In leadership, there are about ten models that act as a practical tool that can develop a persons leadership skills. These models explains what leaders should do not only to bring good leadership skills in the organization but also to develop themselves as leaders the world might want to see. The first model talks about a situational leadership. It is where the leader has to adapt the situation and making the leadership style to fit the current developmental needs of the organization (Galpin and Whittington 2012). It means a leader should be flexible and change with the changes presented by the external and internal environment. A rigid leader might find some situations difficult to deal with. Situational leadership ideas were developed by Ken Blanchard together with his partner Paul Hersey. The notion and objective of this type of leadership was to make leaders be all rounded individuals who can deal with day to day situations in organization. The second model is the servant leadership model. This is a leadership model developed by Robert K.Greenleaf (Erakovic and Jackson 2012, p.70). This model states that a good leader is one who does not focus on himself but more on the people under them. Leaders should be the servant of the people to who he or she represents. Being a servant here means working hand in hand with your people and mostly going out of your self-interest to make sure that the people you lead are safe and satisfied. This would encourage working together for a common good. It also means that people would be more cooperating as the leader does it by example. The third model is the Black and Mouton leadership grid. This asserts that a leader should have the ability to balance his or her concern for the subordinates and the concern of making things done. There are some leaders who are not concern of making things done but are concern by the people they are leading. This should not be the case. Tasks must be done as stated and the concern of people is also important because they are the ones that make things done. At times employees may not feel like doing the tasks assigned to them due to small conflicts (Kickbusch and Gleicher 2012). A good leader as much as he or she would be concerned with the conflict and might wants it resolve, he or she must ensure that the task at hand is as well handled. Consequently, another skill that leaders should possess is the emotional intelligence. A leader must understand the people he or she is leading and never loss he or her cool easily in front of the people he or she leads. In addition, there is the diamond model of leadership. It describes four elements of leaders as the leader, others, the task as well as the organization. These levels must be made to work together to help one another in achieving their goals (Sotarauta, Horlings and Liddle 2012). Leaders direct and influence others towards carrying out specific tasks in the organization in order to achieve a given goal. This means that the organization must also present an environment that supports employees in achieving these goals. It is upon the leaders to ensure that the organization has the required resources that would be of help to employees to carry out the assigned tasks. Another model is the authentic model. This model requires leaders to find out who they are so as to lead in a manner that is true to them. They need to know themselves in terms of their beliefs, what they are good at and how they treat people who are different from them. Last is the grow model. It is an abbreviation of goal, reality, obstacles, options and ways as well as will (Bouteligier 2012). This means that a leader must know their goals in terms of what they want to achieve as leaders. In addition, they must lead by reality in that what they want must be practicable. Also, they need to know the obstacles that might make them not to achieve their goals and how to overcome them. This means they have to have alternative ways of achieving their objectives. Moreover, leaders must portray a will to do the tasks. That is they must be willing and ready to tackle challenges and come up with desired results. On the other hand, governance is defined as all the processes of governing an institution or organization. It is the various ways in which norms, rules as well as actions of people in an organization is structured, regulated and also held accountable for their actions in the organization in question (Helms 2012). The level of formality of governance depends on the internal rules set up by the stakeholders of the organization. It also depends on the external relationship an organization has with its business partners. It is therefore true to say that governance would take various forms that are driven by various motivational factors and some other different results. In other circumstances, some various external individuals and factors that do not have a direct decision-making authority in an organization can influence its activities and governance. These groups may include politicians, media as well as lobbies. The notion of leadership and governance covers policies and plans, strategic direction, regulation, effective oversight, motivation as well as partnership with other organizations. Governance is viewed as an outstanding theme in the development of organization agendas. Leadership and governance help in building a system that ensures that strategic policies and framework exists in an organization (Smith, Anell, Busse, Crivelli, Healy, Lindahl,Westert and Kene 2012, p.38). It also ensure that strategic policies and framework are combined with the necessary oversight, regulation, attention as well as a system design that encourages accountability in an organization. The need for accountability is as a result of growing demand for funds to build organization systems that are sustainable. One must demonstrate results and account for every fund used in the organization. Accountability can, therefore, be said to be an intrinsic feature of governance and is concerned with the management of r elationships with different stakeholders of the organization such as government, employees and other business partners. Accountability involves activities such as delegation of duties and understanding on how services and other activities are carried out. It also involves financing to ensure that there are enough resources for organization to carry out its activities without difficulties. In addition, it also includes good use of organizations data and relevant information. Governance connects with factors that surround accountability. This paper will focus on leadership and governance in the health sector. In the health sector, good governance and leadership is characterised by directing health system and resources competently, monitoring o performance, as well as engaging stakeholders participation in formulation of strategic plans that would be applied to save millions of lives in our communities. All these should be done in a way that is open, transparent equitable, accountable as well as responsive to the needs of patients (Schirm 2012, p.215). Good governance involves effective policy making, open information sharing among stakeholders, transparent rules as well as an active participation of all the stakeholders. There are two ways of measuring governance. These are rule-based and outcome-based indicators. Rule-based indicator is used to determine whether an organization have appropriate strategies, policies, as well as codified approaches for the system governance. In the health sector, the rule-based indicator might include availability of essential medications or a national policy in malaria control. Rule-based indicators also include the ownership arrangements, responsibilities of each stakeholder among others. On contrary, outcome-based indicators are used to assess whether rules and procedures formulated are being implemented as required as far as the experience of stakeholders is concerned. In measuring governance, the focus should be on the usefulness or the relevance of such indicator. While leadership is about directing people and governance about rules, policies and structure of an organization, these two must be combined together to achieve the goals of the organization. The leadership would ensure that the rules and policies spelled out in the governance style are implemented by mobilizing people and directing them in a way that conforms to the governance style of the organization. A leader must know the governing policies of the organization he leads and how to implement these policies as well as governance framework. Leadership and governance in health care Good governance and leadership have been found to lead to a better healthcare system. This happens through the expansion of resources like mobilizing funds. This can be done by leaders who have the ability to bring community members together to help in building potential capital that is necessary to secure the key resources (Ball and Junemann 2012). Through good leadership and governance, an organization can build trust on people and make people have confidence in it. This is only possible through accountability, honesty and transparency in dealing with resources provided by the community for the purposes of promoting healthcare services. It would also ensure that the plans and performance of health organizations meets the needs of the people of that organization. Leadership and governance also increases transparency and accountability such as in monitoring of resources. This is possible through the provision of an oversight and reporting plans that focuses on the use of resources as well as the performance of the organization (Eismann 2012). The leadership in the organization can create a culture of willingness and openness for all the stakeholders to be held accountable to the citizens and the beneficiaries that the resources and the services they are providing are used well. Governance defines a clear as well as comprehensive job description and therefore guides leaders on the roles each member of the organization should play as far as achieving the goals concerned. Governance also provide rules and policies that they needs in ensuring the collaboration of managers, staff and other stakeholders of the organization, for the objectives of the organization to be met with ease without hiccups. Governance being the structure of the leadership in an organization also makes every leader in the organization to commit to the continuous improvement of the strategies and decision-making in the organization (Senkubuge and Mayosi 2012). This also ensures that all activities of the organization conform to the mission and goals of the organization. There are five principles of governance that is common in most of the organizations. These five can be discussed as below. First, leadership is part and parcel of governance. Effective leadership in s necessary in the implementation of good policy, rules and framework needed for the company strategic plans to succeed (Glickman, Gordon and Ross-Gordon 2012). It is the leadership that ensures that good governing policy exists in the organization and hence steer the company in the right direction to meet its purposes as far as business is concerned. Second principle of good governance is the capability. This refers to a mixture of skills in the management of company resources. Leaders should have the capability and the experience to discharge their duties and responsibility effectively. It is the capable leaders who would ensure that the organization he or she leads have the policy and rules promoting good governance. this includes promotion of professional conduct of the employees, ensuring that the organization adheres to ethical standards as required by the society and the government. Third is accountability (Mller?Seitz 2012). Good leadership and governance cannot go without proper rules concerning accountability. It involves transparency in dealing with shareholders and other stakeholders and makes them understand how the company spends its resources as well as how they are achieving their business purposes. This can be done regularly or as the needs might arise. Further, another principle of good governance is the sustainability. Good leadership should provide sustainable policies and framework that would guide the organization in value creation and sustainable reinvestment that would make sure that the organization does not only achieves its short term goals but also long terms goals. Fifth is the principle of integrity. The leaders should ensure that the organization is conducting its business in a fair and transparent way that is by the laws of the countries and ethical standards. This can be done by creating policies and governing rules that ensures that everyone in the organization operates under the said policies without a breach of any rule. There are a lot of advantage that comes with operating within the rules that are in accordance with the law such as avoiding the cost of litigations and loss of customers. However, the good governance must be initiated and integrated with good leadership for it to benefit the organization. A leader will ensure that the said policies and governing rules are implemented by each and everyone in the organization. Governance in an organization works to ensure that leadership is on the right track. Governance provides mechanisms of accountability. Leadership and the entire team of the organization are supported by the strategic and oversight authority of the company that gives them the information to keep them on the right track at all the times. In other words, governance acts as the inner ear of an organization (Groysberg and Slind 2012, p.77). It is not visible but vital in the leadership of an organization. It is the structure and culture that leadership of the organization operates in to ensure that the organization has the right reputation as far as its business is concerned. When there is no proper governance, then the organization would lack guidance and oversight and thus no good leadership can make it operate better. Lack of oversight can bring problems to organizations such as accounting, regulatory and compliance issues. Without proper governance, the leadership of the organization receive the support they might need to makes the organization grow and develop as required. In conclusion, leadership and governance are said to be working hand in hand in ensuring that the objectives of the organization are achieved. Governance cannot be seen or easily identified as compared to leadership but it is the most essential part of the organization management (Afegbua and Adejuwon 2012, p.141). It provides leaders with guidance or a format to use as guiding principles that ensures that they are on the right track. It means that governance gives an organization some platform to guide the employees and everyone in the organization towards achieving what the organization would like to. It acts as the inner ear of the organization. Reference list Afegbua, S.I. and Adejuwon, K.D., 2012. The challenges of leadership and governance in Africa. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 2(9), p.141. Ball, S.J. and Junemann, C., 2012. Networks, new governance and education. Policy Press. Bouteligier, S., 2012. Cities, networks, and global environmental governance: spaces of innovation, places of leadership (Vol. 1). Routledge. Elloker, S., Olckers, P., Gilson, L. and Lehmann, U., 2012. Crises, routines and innovations: the complexities and possibilities of sub-district management: leadership and governance. South African Health Review, pp.161-173. Eismann, M.T., 2012, April. Hyperspectral remote sensing. Bellingham: SPIE. Erakovic, L. and Jackson, B., 2012. Promoting leadership in governance and governance in leadership: Towards a supportive research agenda. In Understanding organizations in complex, emergent and uncertain environments (pp. 68-83). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Emerson, K., Nabatchi, T. and Balogh, S., 2012. An integrative framework for collaborative governance. Journal of public administration research and theory, 22(1), pp.1-29. Galpin, T. and Lee Whittington, J., 2012. Sustainability leadership: From strategy to results. Journal of Business Strategy, 33(4), pp.40-48. Glickman, C.D., Gordon, S.P. and Ross-Gordon, J.M., 2012. The basic guide to supervision and instructional leadership. Pearson Higher Ed. Groysberg, B. and Slind, M., 2012. Leadership is a conversation. Harvard business review, 90(6), pp.76-84. Helms, L. ed., 2012. Poor leadership and bad governance: reassessing presidents and prime ministers in North America, Europe and Japan. Edward Elgar Publishing. Kickbusch, I. and Gleicher, D., 2012. Governance for health in the 21st century. Geneva, Low, K.C.P., Ang, S.L. and Ang, Y.S., 2012. Lessons on leadership, good governance and social responsibility, the confucius perspective [Special issue]. International Journal of Business Governance and Ethics (IJBGE). Mller?Seitz, G., 2012. Leadership in interorganizational networks: a literature review and suggestions for future research. International Journal of Management Reviews, 14(4), pp.428-443. Sotarauta, M., Horlings, I. and Liddle, J. eds., 2012. Leadership and change in sustainable regional development. Routledge.Switzerland: World Health Organization. Smith, P.C., Anell, A., Busse, R., Crivelli, L., Healy, J., Lindahl, A.K., Westert, G. and Kene, T., 2012. Leadership and governance in seven developed health systems. Health policy, 106(1), pp.37-49. Senkubuge, F. and Mayosi, B.M., 2012. The state of the National Health Research system in South Africa: leadership and governance. Schirm, S.A., 2012. Leaders in need of followers: Emerging powers in global governance. In Power in the 21st Century (pp. 211-236). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

Voodoo Secrets

Voodoo as a religion has its roots in traditional African religions. It original name is Vodu, but that paved way for the more widespread name; Voodoo. Other names referring to it include â€Å"Voudou, Vaudau, Voudoux, or Vaudaux† (Tallant 9). Captured slaves from West Africa carried its essential ideology into Haiti, then to America.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Voodoo Secrets specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The practice of Voodoo involves, â€Å"complicated rituals and symbols† (Riguad 7). It involves the worship of spiritual deities, with priests called papa loa, which means â€Å"father of the spirits† (Felix 21), and priestesses acting as intermediaries between the spiritual world, and humanity. Some of them also operate as oracles, revealing spiritual mysteries to those who seek their services. The term Voodoo also describes a charm that has supernatural powers known as juj u. Adherents believe that it acts as a protective force over them. They also use it to mete out revenge on their enemies. Voodoo therefore refers to an entire religious system and to certain specific aspects of its practice. Voodoo picked pace from the practices of a snake cult in Haiti during the slave trade period. The cult came from West Africa and spread with slave trade, in the Americas and to Haiti. As new slave communities grew in the Americas, different religious identities amalgamated into a unified faith as the slave communities tried to forge a common belief system to unify them in their new locales. Felix says, â€Å"Voodoo became the intermingling of essential attributes of all the religions of the different African tribes to which poorly assimilated elements of Catholicism were added† (20). Voodoo got its form in Haiti, which was an important station during slave trade. Missionary efforts among the slaves saw them incorporate elements of Catholicism in practice of the Voodoo religion. In the process, some Voodoo spirits replaced catholic saints because of close relationships between their roles. Currently, it is common to find prayers offered to Mary and other Catholic elements such as the Lord’s Prayer and the sign of the cross forming part of the Voodoo liturgy. In fact, many Voodoo adherents are staunch Catholics. In America, Voodoo practice first took place in New Orleans before spreading to other states. This was because of the role New Orleans played in slave trade.Advertising Looking for research paper on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Voodoo belief system builds on the idea of an all-powerful impersonal Supreme Being responsible for creation of the entire universe, but who does not get involved in day-to-day running characterized by the affairs of men. The adherents worship lesser deities known as Loa who are animistic spirits. The initial prac tice of Voodoo revolved around slave communities that sought to retain the vital link with their ancestral heritage. Present followers include descendants of these slaves spread throughout the Americas. In addition, tourists all over the world visit Voodoo priests and priestesses in America and Haiti to obtain special charms and amulets for all manner of purposes.  Its practice involves praying, dancing, and ritualistic expressions. It is important to distinguish between faithful adherents who actually believe in power of Voodoo, and those who participate in Voodoo recreational purposes. The use of dolls in Voodoo is the enduring image of the faith system though this is only a piece of the entire system. This view, propagated by Hollywood horror movies, depicts Voodoo priests as spiritual powerhouses using the dolls to control the outcome of an individual’s activities. There are a number of opponents to Voodoo who believe it is evil. Official catholic faith rejects Voodoo a s demonic and considers use of saints in the Voodoo liturgy as syncretism. The question of whether Voodoo is fact or fiction is hard to answer sufficiently using a scientific approach. It does not lend itself to purely scientific investigation to determine its efficacy. This is true for all faith-based systems. Evidence given by practicing Voodoo adherents does not meet criteria for objective study because they are likely to associate ordinary outcomes to their faith. It is difficult to dissociate outcomes of Voodoo mediated occurrences from random chance. The Placebo effect also applies to Voodoo. Someone may actually experience a favorable outcome because of participation in Voodoo rituals based on their belief in the efficacy of the service received. Taking a healing portion from a Voodoo priest may result in better physical health. We can therefore conclude that Voodoo is effective to the extent that such outcomes portray a positive relationship to Voodoo practice. Voodoo has ha d many tangible consequences in the world. The most notable was the drive towards independence by Haiti, which begun in earnest during a Voodoo festival, where all the participants took an oath to fight for independence. Consequently, Haiti became the first predominantly Negro nation to attain independence. Riguad also attest to some of the effects of voodoo practice when he says, â€Å"a curious moral consequence of the slave trade was the exaltation of the African religion by an increase of faith in the Voodoo divinities† (12). Berry identifies one of the mystifying occurrences of Voodoo when he says, â€Å"One of the most spectacular features of Voodoo is ritual possession trance, in which saints (loa) enter into and â€Å"possess† the practitioner, who can either be a believer (with no special psychological problem), a patient, or a priest/doctor who seeks to heal†. This shows that Voodoo is not without its share of paranormal occurrences that science cannot fully explain.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Voodoo Secrets specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Works Cited Berry, John, et al. Cross-cultural psychology: research and applications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992. Print. Felix, Emmanuel. Understanding Haitian Voodoo. USA: Xulon Press, 2009. Print Riguad, Milo. Secrets of voodoo. New York: Lights Books, 1985. Print. Tallant, Robert. Voodoo in New Orleans. Louisiana: Pelican Publishing, 1983. Print. This research paper on Voodoo Secrets was written and submitted by user Grady Barlow to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Subjunctive in German

The Subjunctive in German Konjunktiv I und II The German subjunctive mood (der Konjunktiv) comes in two varieties: (1) Subjunctive I (present subjunctive) and (2) Subjunctive II (past subjunctive). Despite their nicknames, it is important to understand that the subjunctive (in English or German) is a verb mood, not a verb tense. Both the so-called past and present subjunctive forms can be used in various tenses in German. What Is the Konjunktiv? What does the subjunctive actually do? Youll find subjunctive verb forms and expressions in almost any language, including English and German. The subjunctive mood is designed to convey a message. The message can vary, but the subjunctive is telling you that a statement is not just a plain fact (the indicative mood), that there may be some doubt, or something is contrary to reality. In English, when we say, If I were you... the verb form were is subjunctive and it conveys a message: I am not you, but... (The indicative form would be the rather unlikely I am you.) Other examples of the subjunctive in English: If we only had the money, we could...That would be a crazy thing to do.God save the Queen!They insist that she go.Be that as it may.He said he would not do that. Notice that in the examples above the words would and could often turn up. Its the same in German. In all of the examples given, the verb takes on an unusual form, different from the normal conjugation. Its the same in German. For instance, the indicative (normal) form would be God saves rather than God save. Instead of indicative she goes, we see she go in the subjunctive. In German, the Konjunktiv is also formed by altering the verb conjugation in some way. Which of the two subjunctive forms is more important for students learning German? Both of course! But the Subjunctive II is used more in conversational German than Subjunctive I. In fact, the past subjunctive is very common in daily German. It is found in many common expressions (ich mà ¶chte..., I would like...) and is used to express doubt or politeness. But well discuss all that when we get to the Subjunctive II lesson. Lets start with number one, the somewhat easier Subjunctive I. Konjunktiv I - The Quotative - Present Subjunctive In general, the Subjunctive I (present subjunctive) is used mostly for the so-called quotative or indirect speech (indirekte  Rede). It is heard or seen less and less frequently in modern German, with the important exception of news stories on radio and TV and in the newspaper. Sometimes the Subjunctive II is also used for indirect speech, usually when the Subjunctive I form is not obviously different from the indicative form. Recognize It When You See It! Since the Subjunctive I is encountered primarily in a passive way - in print or in TV/radio news, it is not necessary for most German-learners to learn how to produce it. It is more important to recognize it when you see it or hear it  because the subjunctive is sending a message you need to understand. What message? Generally the  Konjunktiv I  is telling you that someone said something that may or may not be true. For instance, in a news feature a newspaper may report what someone said, using the Subjunctive I: Der Nachbar  sagte, die Dame  lebe  schon  lnger  im  Dorf. The normal present tense conjugation is die Dame  lebt, but the subjunctive form die Dame  lebe tells us that this what someone said. The reporter/newspaper is not (legally) responsible for the truth of the statement. When you read the news in German or hear it on the radio, this so-called indirect speech (indirekte  Rede)  is a form of  indirect  quotation that says, in effect, thats what we were told but we cant vouch for the accuracy of the statement. The other terms sometimes used for the Subjunctive I also say something about its use: the quotative, indirect discourse, indirect speech. Other Uses The Subjunctive I is also used in formal or technical writing and in directions or recipes to express propositions or instructions: Technical: Hier  sei  nur  vermerkt, dass... (Here let it only be noted that...)Recipe: Man  nehme  100 Gramm Zucker,  zwei  Eier... (Take 100 g of sugar, two eggs...)Slogan: Es  lebe  der Kà ¶nig! (Long live the king!) Conjugating the Subjunctive I Many  German grammar  books or  verb guides  will list full subjunctive conjugations, but in practice, you really only need to know the  third person singular  forms most of the time. The Subjunctive I is almost always found in the third-person form:  er  habe  (he has),  sie sei  (she is),  er  komme  (hes coming), or  sie wisse  (she knows). This -e  ending (except for to be) rather than the normal -t  ending in the German third person is your clue to indirect quotation. The other non-third-person forms are rarely if ever used, so dont bother with them! Similarityto Command Forms The basic Subjunctive I form of a verb is usually identical to its imperative or command form. Although there are some exceptions, the third person singular subjunctive and the familiar (du) command forms often look alike:  Er  habe/Habe Geduld!  (Have patience!),  Sie  gehe/Geh(e)!  (Go!), or  Er sei/Sei  brav!  (Be good!). This is also true for the  wir-commands (lets, we-commands):  Seien  wir  vorsichtig!  (Lets be cautious!) or  Gehen  wir!  (Lets go!). For more about the command forms in German, see  Lesson 11  of German for Beginners. But remember, unless youre writing for a German newspaper or magazine, you dont need to be able to write or say the Subjunctive I forms. You only need to recognize them when you see them in print or hear them.